MUSIC – KNOWLEDGE – KURAVANJI NATAKAM

Namaste all.

KURAVANJI NATAKAM

Kuravanjis are dance drams in Tamil.

They have a high entertainment value.

From the point of view of musical excellence, they stand midway between  the classical Bhagavatha melanataka and is one type of dance drama.

Music of few songs may rise to classical heights, the music of the bulk of the songs is characterized by a certain simplicity and native charm.

The rages used are all rakti ragas and have a powerful appeal.

Genuine folk tunes occur here and there.  The sequences of jatis interspersed in between the sahityas at appropriate places keep up the lively dance atmosphere.

The spicy humor of some of the songs keep the audience attend and observe the story with interest.

Most Kuravanjis have a literary value and beauty as well.

96 prabhandas:

Kuravanji is one of the 96 prabhandhas and belongs to the pronominent part played by the Kuratti or he gypsy woman in the story.

The heroine in the Kuravanji natakas is known by such names as

Daivamohini, Jaganmohini, Kamarasavalli,  Mohini,Vasanthavalli etc.

Story line:

Kuravanjis are woven round the stock theme of a lady falling in love with a God, King, Minister or a Nobleman of the place.  In a few Kuravanjis, the lady falls in love with the deity of the local shrine when the God comes out in a gorgeous procession.

Official Website of Arulmigu Thiyagaraja Swamy Temple,Tiruvarur ...

The pangs of love of he heroine are portrayed in a telling manner.

It is usual for the love stricken heroine to admonish or get angry with the God of love, Moon, Cool breeze and the cuckoo.

she implores the clouds, winds, birds and the moon the carry her message to the hero.

Her entreaties to her attendance maids to make all efforts to persuade the hero to come to her provide interesting reading.

A Gypsy woman appears on the scene, reads the palm of the hand of the heroine and foretells that her desires will be fulfilled.

Kurati South India Folk dance of India costume Kurathi Kuravanji ...

The Kurathi is given valuable presents and sent.

The happy union takes place.

But the hero rarely appears on the stage.

In the songs sung by the gypsy woman, there is a fund of interesting material pertaining to

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a)geography and

b)sociology.

She gives a picturesque description of her

a) mountainous abode,

b) the glory of her tribe,

c) the natural wealth of her place,

d) their traditional occupations and

e) her extraordinary skill in foretelling accurately the future of others.

The absence of the Kurathi from her home rouses the suspicion of the Kuravan who goes in search of her.  After Finding her,  he puts her all sorts of questions.

The intelligent replies given by her provide delightful entertainment.

On seeing the valuable presents, she had received, the Kuravan is in all joy and the both return happily to their place.

dance of kuravan kurathi by manikandan manikandan Folk Music.

We find good specimen of folk music in the songs of Kurathi and Kuravan.

The kinds of Tamil verse – forms occurring are:

  1. Viruttam
  2. Kochchagam
  3. Agaval
  4. Chindu
  5. Venba
  6. Asiriyappa
  7. Kalitturai
  8. Kanni…etc.,

Music and dance are the two life factors in Kuravanjis .

Classical music and light music figure in them.

Kattiyakaran:

The Kattiyakaran – Court Clown- appears in the beginning of some Kuravanjis and announces the play to be enacted with an assumed air of dignity.

Ragas:

The Ragas figuring in Kuravanji Natakas :-

Classical and popular like:

  1. Todi
  2. Dhanyasi
  3. Asaveri
  4. Ananada bhairavi
  5. Kambhoji
  6. Mohanam
  7. Sankarabharanam
  8. SuddaSaveri
  9. Madyamavathi
  10. Kalyani
  11. Purvikalyani….etc.,

Rare ragas like:

  1. Gowri
  2. Bibhasa
  3. Kakubha
  4. Manglakaishika
  5. Ramakali
  6. Gummakambhodi
  7. Suratmallar etc.,

Some of the published – text – Kuravanjis are

pic

  1. Thirukutrala Kuravanji
  2. Kumbesar Kuravanji
  3. Azhagar Kuravanji
  4. Sarabendra bhoopala Kuravanji, etc.

Others are Bethlehem Kuravanji, Viralimalai Kuravanji, Swamimalai Kuravanji, etc.

— To Be Continued—

Prof. V Meenakshi Jayakumar.

MUSIC – PURANDAROPANISHAD

Namaste all.

Sri Purandaradasa says…

Millions of people take a sea bath, river bath or some form of ...What is the use of dipping the body in the water, if the person doesn’t have firm devotion in mind.                                                                                                          Making donations and Charities is itself bath.                                                            Knowing the tenets of philosophy and knowledge is itself bath.                          Giving up low sinful acts is itself bath.

Having faith in Madhava and Meditating on His is itself bath.                          Receiving the sacred water of the feet of the preceptors is itself bath.

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Meeting the elders is itself bath. Inviting the guests and offering food is itself bath.

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Having faith in the feet of Sri Hari is itself bath.                                               Giving up the company of the wicked is itself bath.                                    Breaking away from misdeeds and sins is itself bath.

Importance of Snanam – Sage of Kanchi

Reaching and serving Sri Purandara Vithala, in this earth and thereby earning merit is indeed bath.

….. to be continued.

PROF. V.MEENAKSHI JAYAKUMAR.

Sri Annapoorna Stotram

Namaste all.

SRI ANNAPOORNA STOTRAM..

—- Sri Adi Shankaracharya.

Guru Purnima: Understanding its meaning and significance in Hinduism

Annapoorna Stotram:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do1k7L3itxQ

  1. Oh Mother Annapoorna, renderer of the support of compassion, the bestower of eternal happiness, the donor of gifts and protection, the ocean of beauty, the destroyer of all sins and purifier, the great Goddess,  the purifier of the family of Himavan, and the great deity of Kasi, Amma you kindly grant us alms.

(VMJ) Mother Annapoorna , the deity of Kasi,  the one who grants  happiness throughout our mortal life, the one who protects and grants us the gift of Her good thoughts, words   and actions throughout our mortal life.   The Daughter of Himavan, an ocean of beauty, who purifies all our sins and  is the support of compassion. She grants us alms to purify our thoughts, words and deeds.

TTAGALLERY ANNAPOORANI RED TANJORE Painting (3.5 ft X 2.5 ft X 2 ...

2. Oh Mother Annapoorna, renderer of the support of compassion, one who is adorned with ornaments made up of different kinds of gems, wearer of golden-laced dress, the space, in between whose breasts shines with the pendant garland of pearls, the beautiful-bodied, rendered and the presiding deity of Kasi, Amma you kindly grant us alms.

(VMJ) Goddess Annapoorna, the deity of Kasi, who is clean both on the inside and out, guide me to the path of cleanliness. the deity of Kasi,  a beauty who flaunts the  pearl garlands – which are as pure as  Her blessings – with a  variety of ornaments made of beautiful rare gems. She grants us alms to purify our thoughts, words and deeds.

Amnaya traditional tanjore painting goddess annapoorani of size ...

3. Oh Mother Annapoorna, the renderer of the support of compassion, the giver of happiness obtainable through yoga, the destroyer of the enemies, the cause of people getting deep-rooted in righteousness, the possessor of the waves of splendour of the three worlds, the donors of all riches, the bestower of the fruits of penance, and the presiding deity of Kasi, Amma you kindly grant us alms.

(VMJ)  Goddess Annapoorna, the deity of Kasi, being the prime source behind our all actions and deeds, even our thinking, the thought process. She is the one who gives us happiness obtainable through yoga, she is the one who destroys our inner demons like, laziness, self pity, ego, selfishness, greed etc., oh the presiding deity of Kasi, Amma you kindly grant us alms.

Food yoga

4. Oh Mother Annapoorna, the renderer of the support of compassion, the resident of the caves of the Kailasa mountains, golden complexioned, oh Uma, the consort of Sankara, endowed always with maidenhood, the cause of our comprehension of the purport of the Vedas, whose basic syllable is the syllable “Om”, the opener of the doors of emancipation and the presiding deity of Kasi,  Amma, kindly grant us alms.

(VMJ) Goddess Annapoorna, the presiding deity of Kasi, who lives in the caves of Kailasa, Her complexion is Gold.  She is also called as Uma. She is the meaning of Pravana OM, the opener of the doors of emancipation. Without Her support no one can enter the world of Veda. Oh Mother Annapoorna, presiding deity of Kasi, Amma kindly grant us alms.

Mystery Facts: Mount Kailash Mansarovar, Shiv Sightings, Abode ...

5. Oh Mother Annapoorna the renderer of the support of compassion, the conveyor of the visible and invisible prosperity, the container of the primordial egg, the directress of the sportive drama of the world, the flame of the lamp of true knowledge, the source of the mental happiness of Sri Viswanatha, and the presiding deity of Kasi, grant us alms.

(VMJ)  Oh Goddess Annapoorna, you are the directress for all the three worlds. You are the sparking of the flame of the lamp of true knowledge ie. brahman eva satyam.  You are the source for the mental happiness of Sri Viswanatha. Amma you alone bring prosperity to all our lives.

Shri Annapurna Ashtakam with meaning – Devshoppe

06. Oh Mother Annapoorna, the renderer of the support of compassion, the maker of letters “a” to “ksha” the cause of the three acts of Sambhu, namely, the creation, protection and destruction, the wearer of saffron, the consort of the destroyer of the three cities, the consort of the three eyed lord, the governess of universe, the form of the goddess of night, the opener of the gates of heavens, and the presiding deity of Kasi, Mother Annapoorna grants us alms.

(VMJ) Oh Goddess Annapoorna, you are the cause and meaning of letters, words and sentences. You are the three acts of Sambhu, the G(creator) O(Operator-protector) D(destroyer).  You are the smile of Lord Shiva who through His smile destroyed three cities,.  You are the consort of the three eyed Lord. You are all three kalas. You are all 64 kalas.  Oh Amma, presiding deity of Kasi kindly grant us alms.

Annapurna (goddess) - Wikipedia

07. Oh Mother Annapoorna, the rendered of the support of compassion, the form of the earth, the governess of all men, the cause of victory, the mother the ocean of compassion, the possessor of beauty, the daily food giver, the presiding deity of Kasi, oh Mother grant us alms.

(VMJ) Oh Goddess Annapoorna, you are in the form of earth, you are in the form of wind, you are in the form of fire, you are in the form of akasha, you are in the form of water. without your blessing and support, the earth cannot rotate. With your blessings only everyday we get good food in many forms. Oh Amma, presiding deity of Kasi, kindly grant us alms.

Pancha Bhoota Stalam Temples | Shiva linga, Hindu gods, Indian gods

08.Oh Mother Annapoorna, the renderer of the support of compassion, Oh Goddess, adorned with different kinds of gems, the daughter of Daksha, the most beautiful bearer of breasts, doer of good to all, endowed with good fortune, fulfiller of the desires of the devotees, doer of auspicious acts, and the presiding deity of Kasi, grant us alms.

(VMJ) Oh Goddess Annapoorna,  you are so beautifully decorated. you are the daughter of Daksha.  you are doing good to the entire universe.  You can only fulfill the desires of your devotees. Oh Amma, presiding deity of Kasi, kindly grant us alms.

Daksha yajna - Wikipedia

09. Oh Mother Annapoorna, the renderer of the support of compassion, one who resembles crores and crores of suns, moons and fires, endowed with lips resembling the red pearl and the bimba fruit, bearer of ear ornament resembling the moon, sun and fire (in radiance), having a complexion of the gold, and the presiding deity of Kasi, kindly grant us alms.

(VMJ) Oh Goddess Annapoorna, your radiance is very powerful and you are so beautiful. you are decorated with many ornaments, you are ear ornament is very nice and resembles me of moon and sun and fire. Praising the ear so that my prayer is entered into your ear dear Mother. Oh the presiding deity of Kasi, kindly grant us alms.

crop

10. Oh Mother Annapoorna, the renderer of the support of compassion, the protector of the dominion remover of great fear, the Mother, the ocean of compassion, the cause of the happiness of all, the eternal doer of good, the consort of Visweshwara, the form of Lakshmi, the destroyer of the sacrifice of Daksha, one who makes us free from diseases, and the presiding deity of Kasi, grant us alms.

(VMJ) Oh Goddess Annapoorna, you are the destroyer of our enemy named hunger, because of which we get angry. Kindly destroy of hunger. Give us physical strength, mental strength and free from the cycle of death and birth. Oh Amma you are the consort of Lord Visweshwara. You are the one who makes us free from all diseases, as many diseases come to us through the form of food, that is what we eat. Kindly bless us with good food and destroy our diseases. Oh Amma, the presiding deity of Kais, kindly grant us alms.

RATNASRI'sHINDU SEVASAMAJ: . Kashi Vishwanath Temple and ...

11. Oh Mother Annapoorna, Oh Devi Parvathi, Oh dear consort of Sankara, grant us alms for the sake of securing knowledge and detachment.

(VMJ) Oh Goddess Annapoorna, Oh Mother parvathi, Oh Devi of Sankara kindly grant us two important things.

  1. the food we intake must give us knowledge about myself that is Atman and yourselves Paramatman and
  2. Detachment from the materialistic world.                                                                   shivafamily    12. Goddess Parvathi is my Mother, Lord Maheswara is my Father, the devotees of Lord Siva are my relatives, and the three worlds are my own country.

(VMJ) My family is the entire universe. All devotees of Lord Siva are my relatives. My Mother is Goddess Parvathi and My Father is Lord Maheswara. All three worlds are my own country.

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One must always keep these things in their mind. Oh Amma, Mother Annapoorni, the presiding deity of Kasi, kindly grant us alms as your prasad.

PROF. V MEENAKSHI JAYAKUMAR

Sri Krishna Bakthi

Namaste all.

Oh Sri Krishna,                                                                                        Show me your hand, oh the King among the compassionate, show me your hand.

Oh Sri Krishna , show me your hand, I will give in your hand, a lump of butter (my heart) please, Oh Sri Krishna, show me your hand.

Niche Of Navaneeta Krishna On One Of The Pillars Of The ...

Show me your hand, Oh Sri Navaneetha Krishna, show me your hand. Oh Sri Krishna, show me your hand, whose fingers are adorned with golden rings. Oh Sri Krishna, show me your hand, which has so charmingly held the conch and the scion.    Show me your hand, Oh Sri Shanka chakradhara Krishna, show me your hand.

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Oh Sri Krishna, show me your hand, whose palm is embellished with the signs of flag and louts.

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Oh Sri Krishna, show me the hand, which touch the elevated breasts of the ladies.  Show me your hand. Oh Sri Gopi Krishna, show me your hand.

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Oh Sri Krishna. show me the hand which demanded the puffed rice from the poor Brahmin. Show me your hand. Oh Sakya priya Krishna, show me your hand.

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Oh Sri Krishna, show me the hand which protected the cows by lifting the mountain and making its as an umbrella. Show me your hand, Oh Sri Govardhana  Krishna, show me your hand.

LORD- KRISHNA -LIFTING- GOVARDHAN- HILL ( LORD OF UNIVERSE ) - YouTube

Oh Sri Krishna, show the hand which broke open the stomach of the wretched demon named Hiranyakashipu. Oh Sri Krishna show me your hand.

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Oh Sri Krishna, show me the hand which snatched the life of the demoness Putani there. Oh Sri Krishna show me your hand.

Lord Sri Krishna Killing Putana(demoness) | YVenkat

Oh Sri Krishna, show me the hand which emerged victorious oppressing the most trained wrestlers. Oh Sri Krishna, show me your hand.                                                                                                Oh Sri Krishna, show the hand which gently straightened the crooked back of Kubja. Oh Sri Krishna, show me your hand.

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Oh Sri Krishna, show me the hand which, with the left arm, broke out the bow. Show me your hand. Oh Sri Rama Krishna show me your hand.

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Oh Sri Krishna, show me the hand which after deceiving the king Bali sought the great donations. Show me your hand. Oh Sri Vamana Krishna show me your hand.

Significance Of Sri Vamana Avatar - WordZz

Oh Sri Krishna, show me the hand which brought the fruits, flowers and Parijata. Show me your hand, Oh Sri Rukmani Krishna show me your hand.                                                                  Oh Sri Krishna, show me the hand which drove the chariot of his favorite Arjuna. Show me your hand, Oh Sri Geethacharya Krishna, show me your hand.

Is there a particular reason behind Lord Krishna being shown with ...

Oh Sri Krishna, show me the hand which placed the jasmine flowers on the hair lock. Show me your hand, Oh Sri Krishna, show me your hand.

Oh Sri Krishna, show me the hand which beckoned the moon on the skies. show me the hand which assured protection to the King of heaven. Show the hand which played the flutes in different ways. show me your hand, Oh Sri Murali Krishna show me your hand.

Krishna's Hands with a Flute. Painting by Milan Ketiš | Saatchi Art

Show me your hand, our Purandaa Vithala show me your hand, Oh Sri Lakshmi Priya Krishna, show me your hand…..

The Jeweler of Kshemapura - Hamsanandi - Medium

to be continued

Prof. V Meenakshi Jayakumar

MUSIC – general knowledge question and answer

Namaste all

  1. Sudda mela of ancient Tamils corresponds to the modern mela?

(A) Natabhairavi

(B) Sankarabharanam

(C) Hanuma thodi

(D) Harikamboj

Answer: (D)

  1. Select the original name of Manika Vasagar:

(A) Vadavurar

(B) Tayumanavar

(C) Adiyarkkunallar

(D) Andal

Answer: (A)

  1. Composer of 72 Melaragamalika Tillana is

(A) Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer

(B) Patnam Subramanya Iyer

(C) Pallavi Seshayer

(D) Subbarama Iyer

Answer: (A)

  1. The name Sri comes in

(A) Sapta tala scheme

(B) Shodasa Swaras

(C) Bhutha Sankya

(D) Chappu Talas

Answer: (C)

  1. Bana-ma denotes the raga

(A) Maya Malavagavla

(B) Dheera Sankarabharanam

(C) Mecha Kalyani

(D) Kharaharapriya

Answer: (B)

  1. What was the ancient name for orchestra in India?

(A) Kutapa

(B) Brinda

(C) Grama

(D) Murchhana

Answer: (A)

  1. ‘Ninnukori’ Aditala varnam in Mohanam raga is composed by

(A) Swati Thirunal

(B) Ramanad Srinivasa Iyyangar

(C) Patnam Subramanya Iyer

(D) Pallavi Sheshayyar

Answer: (B)

  1. Select the Ubhayavakra ragam from the following:

(A) Begada

(B) Reethigavla

(C) Gavla

(D) Sri

Answer: (B)

  1. Who is Uthama Vaggeya?

(A) One who is author of both music and lyrics.

(B) One who is the composer of only music.

(C) One who is the composer of only lyrics.

(D) One who is the author of Lakshana Granthas.

Answer: (A)

  1. Tisrajathi Druvtala is having how many matras?

(A) 11

(B) 10

(C) 14

(D) 8

Answer: (A)

…. to be continued…

PROF. V.MEENAKSHI JAYAKUMAR

MUSIC

NAMASTE:

MUSICAL ICONOGRAPHY AND STUDY OF MUSICAL STONE PILLARS

CONTINUATION:

A figure performing on the Panchamukha Vadyam is sculptured on the base of the northern part of the stone chariot facing the sanctum in the Nataraja temple at Chidambaram.

 

kudamuzha hashtag on Twitter

The Panchamukha Vadyam is a drum instrument.

Rhythm of the celestial sphere - The Hindu

It is metal drum (nowadays) with five faces.

https://img.dtnext.in/Articles/2019/Jul/201907052145015818_This-chennai-museum-houses-rare-and-vintage-musical_SECVPF.gif

Pancha is five. Mukha is face.

  1. It is a five faced instrument and it is named after the five faces of Lord Shiva.Sadyojatam, Isanam, Tatpurusham, Aghoram and Vamadevam.
  2. This instrument belongs to the group of membranophones.
  3. This instrument is played with both the hands.
  4. It is used in Temple music.
  5. The shell is of bronze and from it’s top emerge five hollow cylinders.
  6. These cylinders are covered with skin.
  7. The drum heads are all on the same level.
  8. In some panchamukha vadyams, the central head is at a slightly larger than those of the peripheral faces.
  9. The diameter of the central face is at a slightly larger than those of the peripheral faces.
  10. The pitch of the faces is adjusted by tightening or loosening the squeeze of the skin at the region of the neck and below the rim.
  11. It is played solo and also in conjunction with the Sudda maddalam.
  12. The Panchamukha vadyam is the pride of the shrines at Thiruvarur and Thiruturaipoondi.
  13. Árunagirinathar refers to this instrument in His Bhoothavedala paguppu.
  14. Panchamukha vadyam can be said as the development from the ancient Kudamuzha.
  15. The notes heard are the swaras in relationship with anuvadi and samvadi.
  16. It is said that Parasivas are the privileged group of people who are entitled to play this instrument
  17. PANCHAMUKHA VADYAM | The Hindu Images
  18. This Panchamukha Vadya is an important instrument both in point of music and science.

kudamuzha hashtag on Twitter

… to be continued….

PROF. V. MEENAKSHI JAYAKUAMR

MUSIC – General Knowledge

Namaste

MUSICIAL ICONOGRAPHY:

Many specimens of musical iconography and dance iconography are found in the temples of South India.  In Tanjore district, Tirukkodikaval temple, a scene depicting a victorious army being welcomed by a band of musicians, dancers and performers on Kolattam is depicted.  Musical iconography will have all the music depicted in temples and stones.

The Kudimiyanmalai music inscription will come under the heading of musical epigraphy.

This inscription belongs to the 7th centrury A.D.

It establishes beyond doubt that the Indian solfa system Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni is the oldest in the history of world music.

The European solfa sytem Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si dates only from the time of Guido d” Arezzo of 10th Century.

The series of sculptures depicting music parties give us details relating to the number that constituted a concert party, their plan of sitting and standing, the number of accompaniments used, the number of strings in the stringed instruments, the postures in which the instruments were held and played and many other factors relating to musicology and instrumentation.

— to be continued.

PROF. V.MEENAKSHI JAYAKUMAR

MUSIC – General Knowledge

NAMASTE:

  1. What is the interval between Madhyam and Tar Shadaj?

(A) 2: 3

(B) 3: 4

(C) 4: 5

(D) 8: 9

Answer: (A)

  1. Who is the author of “Music of Hindustan”?

(A) William Jones

(B) N. Augustus Williard

(C) E. Clementz

(D) Fox Strangeways

Answer: (D)

  1. Name the famous musicologist

(A) Kishori Amonkar

(B) Prabha Atre

(C) Pt. Jasraj

(D) B.C. Deva

Answer: (D)

  1. What is the name of Odav Scale in western music?

(A) Heptatonic Scale

(B) Hexatonic Scale

(C) Natural Scale

(D) Pentatonic scale

Answer: (D)

  1. One of the main objectives of teaching music is also

(A) To encourage social justice

(B) To provide proper leadership

(C) To discover new facts

(D) To establish music at par with other disciplines

Answer: (D)

  1. The term ‘Vasu’ stands for the number

(A) 7

(B) 8

(C) 9

(D) 10

Answer: (B)

  1. Name of 12th Chakra is

(A) Rudra

(B) Disi

(C) Aditya

(D) Rishi

Answer: (C)

  1. Value of the Vivadi interval is

(A) One Sruti

(B) Two Srutis

(C) Three Srutis

(D) Four Srutis

Answer: (A)

  1. Name of 50th melakartha raga is

(A) Namanarayani

(B) Visvambhari

(C) Gamanasrama

(D) Dhavalambari

Answer: (A)

  1. Who is the author of Silappadikaram?

(A) Andal

(B) Bharathiyar

(C) Ilangovadikal

(D) Tirujnana Sambandar

Answer: (C)

— to be continued

V. MEENAKSHI JAYAKUMAR

 

MUSIC – General Knowledge

NAMASTE:

01. Sindhubhairavi is the janya raga of

(A) Hanumatodi

(B) Kharaharapriya

(C) Natakapriya

(D) Natabhairavi

Answer: (C)

02. A compound wind instrument:

(A) Kombu

(B) Flute

(C) Nagasvaram

(D) Magudi

Answer: (D)

03. Which material is used in putting ‘Syahi’ on tabla?

(A) Wood powder

(B) Iron powder

(C) Stone powder

(D) None of these

Answer: (B)

04. How many Taalas are mentioned in Sangeet Ratnakar of Sharangadeo?

(A) 110

(B) 120

(C) 130

(D) 140

Answer: (B)

05. The term ‘Matu’ is used for which of the following?

(A) Mukam

(B) Textual part of a song

(C) Matra

(D) Murki

Answer: (B)

06. According to ancient scholars the term ‘vipanchi’ was used for which of the following?

(A) Nine string veena

(B) Seven string veena

(C) Twelve string veena

(D) Three string veena

Answer: (A)

07. Which is the correct order for ‘Uddata’, ‘Anuddata’, and ‘Swarita’ respectively?

(A) Lower, middle, upper

(B) Upper, middle, lower

(C) Upper, lower, middle

(D) Middle, upper, lower

Answer: (C)

08. The last prabanda which is kept lively even today?

(A) Nowka Charitram

(B) Geetgovindam

(C) Nandanar Charitam

(D) Krishnalila Tarangani

Answer: (B)

09. Tick the correct order of chronology of the following:

(A) Geet Govind, Natyashastra, Sangeet Ratnakar

(B) Sangeet Ratnakar, Natyashastra, Geet Govind

(C) Natyashastra, Geet Govind, Sangeet Ratnakar

(D) Natyashastra, Sangeet Ratnakar, Geet Govind

Answer: (C)

10. The modulation of voice is expressed through

(A) Kaku

(B) Laya

(C) Bandish

(D) Tala

Answer: (A)

 

Food for thought

Namaste.

As we go through our lives, we get distracted by the temptations around us. We need to have a goal to keep us focused.. we need a purpose that excites us and keeps us on right track. Once we identified our goal, purpose of life, suddenly we find ourselves doing on everything   that  it take to achieve it and stay focused. So, starting today, we will get ourselves a goal, a purpose that drives us to act upon…

… Prof. V. MEENAKSHI JAYAKUMAR